Under the terms of the purchase agreement, which was announced Tuesday during the Farnborough International Airshow in the U.K., deliveries will begin next year.

Originally designed for the Brazilian Air Force in 1999, the A-29 offers armed reconnaissance, close air support, light attack, and advanced training mission capabilities. It is currently operated by 16 air forces, according to the company.

• READ MORE: Super Tucano Takes First Flight for Nigerian Air Force Program

The PAF intends to deploy the aircraft as part of its mission “safeguarding territorial integrity,” according to the service’s top official.

“To face emerging threats, we are in the process of modernizing our aerial and detection capabilities, and we intend to be up to the technological standards that allow us to correctly apply the measures established in the Law on Surveillance and Protection of Paraguayan Airspace in a to effectively contribute to the preservation of regional and international peace and security,” Air General Júlio Rubén Fullaondo Céspedes, commander of the Paraguayan Air Force, said in a statement. 

The post Embraer Signs A-29 Super Tucano Deal With Paraguay appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

SAF is made from sustainably sourced, 100 percent renewable waste and residue raw materials, such as used cooking oil, and feedstocks. Neste MY SAF meets ASTM D-1655 specification for conventional jet fuel and performance standards under all operating conditions.

Industry officials note this makes SAF an optimum solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from air travel without requiring new investments or modifications to aircraft or fuel infrastructure.

Embraer began using SAF in its operation at KMLB in 2021 when Avfuel would deliver one 8,000-gallon truckload of Neste MY SAF per quarter to Sheltair, the executive level FBO that supports Embraer operations.

• READ MORE: Boeing Ready to Buy 7.5 Million Gallons of SAF

“Sheltair is excited to support Embraer by handling and storing these SAF deliveries, ” said Leonel Rivera, senior vice president of FBO operations for Sheltair. “This collaboration between Sheltair, Embraer, and Avfuel shows our commitment to reaching the industry’s goal of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. By combining our knowledge and resources, we will be able to handle and store weekly fuel deliveries of SAF.”

According to a statement from Embraer, the once-a-week delivery began in April. The extended partnership is expected to result in a total of 240,000 U.S. gallons of SAF delivered to Embraer in 2024, representing a significant increase when compared to previous years. According to the company, each truckload will provide a 19 metric ton reduction in carbon emissions, resulting in a 570 metric ton reduction in carbon emissions for the year.

With its fleet of business aircraft including the Phenom 100EX, Phenom 300E, and the Praetor 500 and the Praetor 600, Embraer has been serving the needs of the corporate traveling community for more than 50 years.

• READ MORE: United Turns to Oscar the Grouch to Spread SAF Awareness

“Embraer’s collaboration with Avfuel and Sheltair marks a pivotal milestone in our journey toward net-zero emission flight operations,” said Michael Amalfitano, president and CEO of Embraer Executive Jets. “Our continued investment in SAF demonstrates our dedication to reducing emissions today and driving the industry closer to the net-zero aviation goal by 2050.” 

The post Embraer Partners With Avfuel to Increase SAF Use in Orlando appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Leadership on the flight deck sets those apart from the general pilot population—and there are ways to build your capabilities in this regard with greater assumption of authority along the way. We spoke with longtime FLYING contributor Pia Bergqvist about her journey from a well-rounded general aviation pilot to the left seat of a regional airliner—and, most recently, to the right seat of a Boeing 737 for a major U.S. airline. Her experience illuminates one way to accomplish the goal of becoming an airline pilot, and in this Q&A she shares her tips for being prepared when the opportunity knocks:

FLYING Magazine (FM): How did you know you wanted to pursue a career as a professional pilot, and specifically as an airline pilot?

Pia Bergqvist (PB): I grew up in Sweden and dreamed of being a pilot since I was 8 years old. Unfortunately, the challenge in researching the path to get there in the era before the internet, along with the fact that I was a woman desiring a very male-dominated profession, made my dream job seem unattainable.

• READ MORE: Airline Pilots Must Not Dismiss Mental Well-Being

I finally began pursuing my career in my late 20s. One of the first things I did was to become a member of Women in Aviation International, and I attended the conference in 2000. I remember visiting several airline booths and being blown away by all the women who were airline pilots. At that time, the one that stood out the most was FedEx, where I met a Swedish pilot who described her job. She flew all over the world, had lots of time off, and made enough money to live by the beach.

FM: When you committed to the pursuit, how did you identify the airline(s) you wanted to aim for? How did that choice affect your plans for training and what you needed to have on your résumé before applying?

PB: At the time when I started flying, I would have needed a significant amount of time flying as captain of a twin-turbine aircraft, preferably at a regional airline, before applying for a position with a major airline. While FedEx was my top choice, other attractive choices included United, American, Continental, and UPS, as they were all flying internationally.

I based my pick of potential regionals on advice from flight instructors at the flight school where I received all of my primary training—Justice Aviation in Santa Monica, California. The regional airlines of choice on the West Coast were SkyWest, Mesa, and American Eagle. I applied for my first airline job on September 10, 2001. As a result of the tragic events that followed the next day [on 9/11], I shelved my airline dream for nearly two decades.

FM: How did you build time before applying? What were the minimums when you made the application 20 years ago versus five years ago?

PB: When I first started flying, pilots were getting hired by regional airlines with as little as 1,000 hours of total time and a hundred hours of twin time. The industry was booming. I built most of my flight time through flight instruction before sending in my application with about 900 hours [under] my belt. I also built some twin time by flying from Torrance, California, to Nantucket, Massachusetts, and back in a Beechcraft Duchess.

At that time, the interview process was much more rigorous than it is today, and applicants had to have the written ATP test completed. Regionals also conducted cognitive tests and simulator evaluations.

• READ MORE: Airline Pilots Flying to Age 67?

Today, the FAA requires airline pilots to have at least 1,500 hours (or 1,000 through a limited number of approved flight training programs) and to complete an ATP-CTP training program before they can take the controls of an airliner—a change that resulted from the Colgan Air crash in 2009. Most airlines these days, whether regional or major, only require an application

and an interview. Whereas the major airlines used to require turbine PIC [pilot in command] time, some pilots are now hired with just a few hundred hours as a first officer.

FM: What tips do you have for that first interview?

PB: The most difficult part of getting hired with a major airline is actually getting to the interview stage. Stay in touch with the captains and flight instructors that you fly with. They will be a great resource when it comes time to apply as you will need several letters of recommendation. Meeting with the hiring teams at job fairs, meet-and-greets, and aviation conferences are also a good way to get your foot in the door.

There are many things that go into a successful interview. Make it clear that you really want to be there. Go in with a positive attitude. Dress well and make sure you’re groomed to look the part. Professional interview coaching companies, such as Emerald Coast, Cage Marshall Consulting, Raven Career Development, and Career Takeoff, are almost a must for a successful airline pilot interview. They will provide practice scenarios, targeted to your airline of choice, that will develop the confidence you need as you sit down to get grilled.

FM: How did initial training at the regional go? What tips would you give for a prospective pilot to help them prep for success in training?

PB: The initial training at the regional level can be very challenging. There are many new concepts that go into flying in a professional crew environment versus flying in general aviation.

Get familiar with the flows, callouts, and other procedures that are written into the company’s standard operating procedures [SOPs] manual as early as possible. The only way to learn these procedures is by constant repetition, so having a “paper tiger”—basically a printed version of the flight deck layout—and using it for chair flying is a very good way to get ready. Understand that it can take hundreds of repetitions to learn the proper procedures to an acceptable level. Just keep going.

Practice the flows, callouts, and procedures for normal, non-normal, and emergency operations until they’re perfect. And keep practicing them during times when you’re not in simulator training or the actual airplane. Being able to immediately and accurately execute emergency procedures is critical in those rare and unexpected situations, such as an engine failure.

FM: What was upgrading to captain like?

PB: When it came time for me to move from the right seat to the left seat, it felt very much like it felt to become a flight instructor. I questioned whether I was really ready to be the one in charge of the ship.

The key to success was channeling what I had learned from the captains who I enjoyed flying with as a first officer. So, pay close attention to what the captains do to get the airplane off the gate; how they deal with challenging situations with passengers, gate agents, and rampers; what they do if there is an maintenance issue or emergency, and so on. The schoolhouse upgrade training is great, but the more experience you have seeing how the real-world operations go, the better.

The training is basically identical to the first officer training, albeit with different flows and more responsibilities. Often, captain candidates are paired with first officers through the training and check rides. Your partner can make or break you, in either seat, so do your best to find a good one.

FM: When did you know you were ready to apply for the next step, the majors?

PB: Most people in the industry consider [this to be] an unprecedented time in airline pilot hiring. Everyone I flew with, whether captains or first officers, at the regional airline was talking about moving on.

There were many first officers I flew with who moved on before I did. There were some things in my personal life that held me back, and I thoroughly enjoyed my time at the regional airline, [but] it was time to move on. The working conditions, destinations, pay, and retirement plans are more attractive at the majors, even with the huge pay bump we got at the regionals in 2022.

I was proud to be a regional airline captain. But now I feel like I have reached the pinnacle of my career.

FM: How did you approach that training differently, knowing what you know now?

PB: I found the training at the major airline much more relaxed. Perhaps it was because I was more prepared and ready for the hard work that is required of pilots in airline training departments. But it appeared to me that the level of respect at the major airline was higher.

At the regional level, there were hard limits on how many extra hours of training pilots could receive or how many events could be unsuccessful before they let a trainee go. As a result, the stress level was high.

From my very loosely gathered data, it appears that about 15 percent of the trainees at my regional airline were let go for one reason or another. That stressor didn’t exist at the major airline where I trained. We were made to feel very welcome and part of the family.

FM: What qualities do you think pilots need to cultivate to shine in a sea of candidates for the same role?

PB: Be professional, both in appearance and the way you handle yourself. Be prepared. Make sure you keep current on company SOPs, FARs, and instrument procedures, how to interpret weather data, and other details that you should be familiar with as a professional pilot. Build relevant flight time. Volunteer with aviation organizations to show your passion for the profession.

If you’re applying for a major airline job, go the extra mile and visit a job fair, conference, or meet-and-greet to get your name on the radar. Keep in touch with people you’ve met, and treat people with kindness and respect. Before an interview, seek help from one of several airline interview prep companies, but find a way to be yourself.

The stakes are way too high to just “wing it.”

This Q&A first appeared in the March 2024/Issue 946 of FLYING’s print edition.

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Eve Air Mobility, the manufacturer of a five-seat eVTOL design, on Wednesday signed an LOI with AirX—a Japan-based digital platform which primarily provides helicopter charter services—for the purchase of up to 50 Eve aircraft, as well as the manufacturer’s urban air traffic management software, called Vector, as AirX expands into electric air taxis. The agreement includes 10 firm aircraft orders and 40 options.

AirX also becomes Eve’s first services and operations solutions customer in Japan. Accordingly, Eve will provide services such as data management and network optimization.

“We appreciate AirX’s trust and confidence in Eve by not only purchasing our eVTOL aircraft, but services and operations solutions and our Vector—the urban air traffic management software,” said Johann Bordais, CEO of Eve. “Japan has been progressive in their approach and interest in eVTOL operations, and we look forward to continuing to expand our relationships as we support Japan’s urban air mobility [UAM] objectives going forward.”

Notably, AirX also has a relationship with EHang, the Chinese eVTOL manufacturer that in October earned the industry’s first type certification.

The companies last month opened a UAM center in Tsukuba, Japan, the first such facility in the country. The center will serve as a maintenance base and site for demonstration flights, but AirX plans to one day operate aerial sightseeing tours out of the location using EHang’s EH216-S. It will be open to both helicopters and eVTOL aircraft.

However, AirX also sees utility for Eve’s air taxi, as well as other benefits that come from working with the manufacturer.

“We are deeply impressed not only by Eve’s technological capabilities, but also by their commitment to building an ecosystem,” said Kiwamu Tezuka, CEO of AirX. “Our aim is to revolutionize the current industry, making transport services useful and affordable for everyone.”

Eve’s aircraft is a lift-plus-cruise design for up to four passengers and a pilot. In the future, the company plans to produce a self-flying model for six passengers. Eight propellers are dedicated to vertical flight, while fixed wings handle cruise—it has no moving parts, unlike the designs of competitors such as Joby Aviation and Archer Aviation.

The manufacturer is relying on a litany of suppliers—including Honeywell, Thales, Garmin, and BAE Systems—to provide components for the air taxi, such as electric propulsion systems, flight controls, avionics, and seats.

The model has an expected range of 60 sm (52 nm). Eve claims it will produce a 90 percent lower noise footprint than equivalent helicopters, as well as 90 percent less carbon dioxide compared to cars.

Eve has already begun assembly of an initial full-scale prototype at its first eVTOL production plant in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil, announced by Eve and Embraer in July. The build is expected to be followed by a test campaign later this year, with a commercial launch scheduled for 2026. In December, the manufacturer received proposed airworthiness criteria from Brazil’s aviation regulator: a key step toward type certification.

The air taxi is orchestrated by Eve’s Vector software, an agnostic platform designed to accommodate a range of eVTOL designs. AirX is the latest Vector customer, but Eve has several orders lined up for the technology.

According to the company, following the AirX agreement, it also has letters of intent for nearly 3,000 aircraft. Southeast Asia is shaping up to be a key market for Eve, which in February began a study to gauge the infrastructure requirements of launching service in the region. Outside Japan, it has customers and operating partners in Australia, South Korea, India, and elsewhere.

Eve will not operate the aircraft itself, but it will assist partners as they build out UAM ecosystems comprising vertiports, electric charging infrastructure, flight routes, and other features.

The manufacturer also intends for its air taxi to fly in the U.S. out of the San Francisco Bay Area, in partnership with United Airlines.

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The post Eve Receives Order For Up to 50 Electric Air Taxis From Japan’s AirX appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Under the companies’ agreement, Embraer will deliver the E175s with 76 seats in American’s standard two-class configuration. Embraer said the E175 is among the most popular regional aircraft, and the company has sold 837 of them since 2013. The latest firm order for 90 will be added to the Brazilian aerospace company’s first-quarter 2024 backlog and represents the airline’s largest single order of E175s.

• READ MORE: Embraer Says Deliveries, Backlog Rose in 2023 but Supply Chain Woes Slowed Results Overall

“Over the past decade, we have invested heavily to modernize and simplify our fleet, which is the largest and youngest among U.S. network carriers,” said American Airlines Group CEO Robert Isom. “These orders will continue to fuel our fleet with newer, more efficient aircraft so we can continue to deliver the best network and record-setting operational reliability for our customers.”

American said its strategy includes transitioning its fleet of regional aircraft to larger, dual-class models in place of its older 50-seat, single-class aircraft, which the company expects to retire by the end of the decade. The airline said it will continue to serve small and medium-size markets with larger regional jets.

• READ MORE: Embraer Says It Will Join United Airlines Ventures’ Sustainable Flight Fund

“The E175 is truly the backbone of the U.S. aviation network, connecting all corners of the country,” said Arjan Meijer, president and CEO of Embraer Commercial Aviation. “One of the world’s most successful aircraft programs, the E175 was upgraded with a series of modifications that improved fuel burn by 6.5 percent. This modern, comfortable, reliable, and efficient aircraft continues to deliver the connectivity the U.S. depends on day after day.”

The post American Airlines Closes $7 Billion Embraer Jet Order appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Details: Porter’s Three New Crew Bases

After operating for a decade and a half out of Toronto Billy Bishop City Airport with a fleet of Dash 8 Q400 turboprops, Porter placed an order for 30 Embraer E195-E2 jets in 2021. As jet aircraft are not permitted at Toronto’s smaller airport, this move also meant that Porter was expanding to Toronto Pearson International Airport.

Porter’s 29 Embraer E195-E2 aircraft entered service in early 2023 and now serve over a dozen destinations across Canada and the United States. It’s no secret that the carrier has ambitious growth plans for its jet fleet, as it has an additional 46 jets on order.

The airline has kept its Dash 8 and E195-E2 crew bases separate. It currently has an E195-E2 base at Toronto Pearson and Dash 8 crew bases at Toronto Billy Bishop City Airport, Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport, Thunder Bay International Airport, and Halifax Stanfield International Airport.

The three new E195-E2 crew bases will be at Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport, Montréal–Trudeau International Airport, and Vancouver International Airport. Porter has been expanding its E195-E2 operations beyond its Toronto Pearson hub and the introduction of these new crew bases signals the carrier’s intention to continue to do so.

Porter’s Growing Jet Operations

Porter already has multiple E195-E2 routes from these three airports, including Ottawa–Vancouver, Ottawa–Orlando, and Toronto Pearson–Vancouver, and the airline plans on starting E195-E2 operations in Montreal this spring with flights to Calgary, Edmonton, and Vancouver.

The carrier has also steadily been introducing jet routes to the United States, both from Toronto Pearson and Ottawa. There are also plans for Porter to start flying from a brand-new terminal at Montréal – Saint Hubert Airport.

Editor’s Note: This article first appeared on AirlineGeeks.com.

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Eve Air Mobility—the manufacturer of an electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) air taxi designed for a pilot plus four passengers—on Monday announced an agreement with Singapore-based aviation firm Yugo Global Industries to study the potential for UAM and eVTOL flights across Southeast Asia.

A memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed by the partners calls for a specific focus on the infrastructure required to support air taxi operations. The partnership will also explore UAM regulations, the size and capabilities of planned service centers and vertiports, and other aspects of the ecosystem as needed, Eve said.

“We are looking forward to collaboratively working with Yugo to study and help define the UAM ecosystem in Singapore and Southeast Asia,” said Johann Bordais, CEO of Eve. “Our goal is to also understand and define a business model that not only enables eVTOL flights in the region but also advances the overall mobility ecosystem.”

The firm’s new partner, Yugo, is a private aviation network with a global presence but a focus on Southeast Asia. It primarily provides VIP, corporate, leisure and family, medical, emergency, and cargo flights for high net worth individuals, conglomerates, and multinational companies. The firm also works with local air transport operators, such as the Philippines’ PhilJets and Cambodia’s Helistar.

Yugo’s partner fleet comprises rotorcraft such as the Bell 505 Jet Ranger X helicopter and business jets such as the Gulfstream G650ER. It also includes aircraft from OEMs such as Airbus, Bombardier, Dassault, Cessna, Robinson, and Leonardo subsidiary AgustaWestland.

“We strongly believe that Southeast Asian economies will greatly contribute to the development of the eVTOL and UAM industry,” said Thierry Tea, chairman of Yugo. “Our collaboration with Eve will offer valuable insights into the essential requirements for regional air mobility development.”

The MOU with Yugo is the latest bid on the Asia-Pacific market by Eve, which on Monday reiterated its commitment to introducing UAM to the region. The manufacturer has also partnered with stakeholders such as Singapore-based air mobility provider Ascent and vertiport developer Skyports to build the ecosystem that will support its operations in Southeast Asia.

“These types of collaborations and agreements are a critical first step toward pursuing eVTOL flights,”  said Bordais. “We are looking forward to working with Yugo and other key stakeholders as we begin this project.”

Eve in addition said it has begun construction of its first full-scale air taxi prototype, which it expects to begin testing this year. The lift-plus-cruise design uses eight lift rotors for vertical takeoff and landing and one push rotor for cruise, minimizing the number of moving parts compared to tiltrotor eVTOL designs. It’s expected to have a range of about 60 sm (52 nm) and a cruise speed of 100 knots.

Like its competitors in the eVTOL space, Eve is working with a long list of supplier partners that will provide aircraft components and systems, among them Thales, Honeywell, BAE Systems, and avionics OEM Garmin. It’s expected to debut a full-scale cabin mockup at the Singapore Air Show this week.

Eve claims its backlog of 2,850 aircraft preorders is the most in the industry, an assertion backed up by the most recent edition of SMG Consulting’s Advanced Air Mobility Reality Index.

Ahead of the company’s planned 2026 entry into service, the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC) in December released proposed airworthiness criteria for the air taxi. These include the regulator’s proposed requirements for how the aircraft is designed and operated. Public comments are expected to close this month, and ANAC may make a few tweaks to the criteria before publishing a final document.

Eve pointed to a few developments in Southeast Asia that could help prepare the region for air taxi services by 2026.

The Philippines’ San Miguel Corporation, for example, expects to open the New Manila International Airport in 2027, while the Overseas Cambodian Investment Corporation (OCIC Group) is building Cambodia’s Techo Takhmao International Airport for a 2025 opening. Both sites are exploring charging stations, flight routes, and other considerations for flying taxis and electric jets to reduce carbon emissions. Singapore could be the next Asia-Pacific nation to look at UAM infrastructure.

“Singapore is the first mover in Southeast Asia for UAM, and this can provide neighboring countries a template to support further ecosystem development in the region,” Eve said Monday in a news release. “For instance, OCIC Group is partnering with [Singapore] Changi Airport and Singapore Airline Engineering, [the MRO subsidiary of Singapore Airlines Group].”

In addition to air taxi services, Eve expects to offer Southeast Asian customers access to a worldwide network of service centers through its relationship with Embraer. It is also developing a range of customer support solutions, including flight operations solutions, network optimization, data management, and eVTOL health monitoring.

In the U.S. Eve is eyeing operations with partner (and investor) United Airlines, with plans to launch in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2026. Further, it is collaborating with Blade Air Mobility to add service to South Florida.

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United launched the fund in February 2023, and it has since grown to include 22 corporate partners. The airline and its partners have committed more than $200 million to invest in companies working to decarbonize air travel. 

• READ MORE: Embraer Executive Jets Follows Up on Sustainability Targets

“Embraer is proud to join United Airlines Ventures’ Sustainable Flight Fund, which is aligned with our commitment to develop and support innovative solutions to address the growing need for a clean energy transition in aviation,” said Leonardo Garnica, head of corporate innovation at Embraer. “In a joint collaborative effort with our partners, we can accelerate large-scale SAF production as the aviation industry progresses toward the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.”

• READ MORE: Embraer Unveils Plans for Hybrid Electric, Hydrogen Electric Aircraft

The use of renewable energy sources can cut greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 80 percent, Embraer said. Boosting the availability of SAF is among the company’s goals within its plan to reach carbon-neutral operations by 2040.

Embraer said the pursuit of sustainability remains a key part of its business strategy. The company has conducted flight tests using 100 percent neat SAF and is exploring new methods for accelerating development of zero-emission propulsion systems.

The post Embraer Says It Will Join United Airlines Ventures’ Sustainable Flight Fund appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Embraer delivered 75 aircraft during the fourth quarter of 2023, including 49 executive jets, 25 commercial jets, and one C-390 military jet. For the full year, the company’s deliveries totaled 181 aircraft, an increase of 13 percent from 160 in 2022.

• READ MORE: Embraer Deliveries Up 30 Percent in Third Quarter

The Executive Aviation unit ended the year with a total of 74 light jets delivered, marking a 12 percent increase over 2022 and the highest volume in seven years. Deliveries of medium jets rose 14 percent to 41 aircraft. The backlog grew by $400 million to $4.3 billion.

Embraer’s Defense & Security unit won a deal to supply its C-390 Millennium military transport jets to South Korea, making that country the first C-390 customer in Asia. Last year Austria and the Czech Republic also selected the C-390 in 2023, as did the Netherlands in 2022.

• READ MORE: South Korea to Buy Embraer C-390 for Military Transport

The Commercial Aviation unit reported a 12 percent increase in deliveries of E-Jet aircraft to 64. Within the E-Jet family, deliveries of the E2 models more than doubled to 39 aircraft in 2023. The backlog rose to 298 aircraft, or a total of $8.8 billion. Highlights for the year included the Canadian carrier Porter Airlines placing an order for 25 E195-E2 passenger jets, adding to previous existing firm orders for 50 aircraft.

Embraer’s Services & Support business backlog grew to $3.1 billion in 2023, its highest-ever level. The company said growth momentum benefited from its earlier announcement of a deal that has doubled its maintenance service capacity for executive jets in the U.S. The expansion includes the addition of three executive aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facilities at Dallas Love Field, Texas (KDAL); Cleveland, Ohio (KCLE); and Sanford, Florida (KSFB).

The post Embraer Says Deliveries, Backlog Rose in 2023 but Supply Chain Woes Slowed Results Overall appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

“Nothing surprises me,” says Vincent. “We were on a sugar high in 2021 and 2022, fed by essentially free money. Now with middle single-digit loan rates, we’re getting back to a more normal market.”

Adds Ron Epstein, senior equity analyst at Bank of America: “The COVID recovery was kind of a weird thing. We’re getting back to a normal [growth] trajectory pre-COVID.”

Rising interest rates haven’t yet been much of a damper on new aircraft sales, as up to 60 percent to 70 percent of purchases now are all cash or 50 percent cash down/50 percent financing. Less than one-third involve a large loan. Some buyers look at 6 percent aircraft loan rates in relation to the 8 percent returns they’re making on investments, so they’re choosing to finance aircraft purchases rather than tying up cash.

The current market cooldown is more related to supply chain snags, particularly as noted by the heads of Bombardier, Dassault, and Gulfstream. Éric Martel, Bombardier’s CEO, says fewer of the firm’s suppliers have problems, but the remaining ones have systemic issues that need remedial work. Bombardier has its own specialists embedded with key suppliers to provide support should issues arise.

Dassault chief Éric Trappier points out that supply chain issues in 2023 are worse than last year, partly from the fallout of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Some materials, such as titanium, are in short supply, and European aerospace manufacturer’s energy costs have soared. In mid-July, Trappier disclosed that sales had slowed in the first half of 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022 in large part because of the war in Ukraine.

Gulfstream president Mark Burns says that while supply chains are constricted, the Savannah, Georgia, firm began reordering parts and materials two years ago, resulting in fewer challenges. Phebe Novakovic, CEO and chairman of General Dynamics, Gulfstream’s parent company, has modestly scaled back projected deliveries for 2023.

There’s an upside to supply chain snags, says Epstein, because “it prevents anybody from spoiling the party because it forces production discipline.” Simply put, manufacturers cannot flood the market with an oversupply of airplanes.

Market growth also is being constricted by aircraft certification delays. Similar to many other organizations, the FAA encouraged many employees to work remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several staff members have been reluctant to move back to FAA offices after experiencing the freedom and flexibility of their remote workplaces. Industry observers claim sparsely staffed FAA certification offices are creating long delays in paperwork processing.

In addition, the FAA has doubled down on its aircraft certification checks in the wake of the Boeing 737 Max debacle, delaying by several months the type certification of the Dassault Falcon 6X and Gulfstream G700 and G800, plus potentially the Beechcraft Denali in 2025.

Prospects for smaller turbofan aircraft already in production remain bright. Cirrus, for instance, delivered 90 single-engine SF50 Vision Jets in 2022, according to the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA) aircraft shipment report. Demand for the entry-level Vision Jet remains strong because it’s an easy step up from Cirrus’ piston singles, owing to its combination of docile handling, human-centered flight deck design, passenger amenities, and top-notch customer support. It’s very similar to the success that Cessna enjoyed 50 years ago when it introduced the mild-performing, twin-turbofan Citation 500 as a modest step-up product from its 300- and 400-series piston twins.

The Vision Jet is the only turbofan aircraft as of yet to offer both a standard airframe parachute system and Garmin Autoland—branded Safe Return—providing unsurpassed peace of mind to occupants. Similar to the long-term growth plan that Cessna had with its Citation500 family, Cirrus is expected to develop faster, higher, and farther-flying turbofan aircraft as follow-on products to the Vision Jet. As FLYING previously reported, Cirrus Aircraft filed for a $300 million initial public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to provide funds for new aircraft development and increased pro-duction capacity, among other growth goals.

• READ MORE: We Fly: Cirrus Vision Jet G2+

Deliveries in the light jet twin-turbofan market continue slowly to decline, in large part because of the steep drop in demand for Embraer Phenom 100-series aircraft, once the most popular light jet by a wide margin.

Phenom 100 deliveries soared during its first two full production years (2009-2010) for the 100, with Embraer producing nearly 200 units. The Phenom 100 completely eclipsed its archrival, the Cessna Citation CJ1+, a light jet that was $1 million more expensive and somewhat slower. The Phenom 100’s introductory price was on par with the Cessna CE-510 Mustang, but its cabin cross section was nearly as big as the Learjet 45. The Phenom 100’s tall stance and airstair door made it look even larger than its actual size, adding to its perceived value. Owner pilots also favored the Phenom 100’s Garmin G1000 avionics package over the CJ1+’s Collins Pro Line 21 system.

Three years later, Textron Aviation responded by delivering Citation M2, a CJ1 variant with more thrust, Garmin G3000 avionics, a plusher interior than the Embraer, a 40-plus-knot cruise speed advantage, 160 nm more range, and a more attractive price tag than CJ1+. Within a few years, M2 took the sales lead from Embraer in this class and it clearly has maintained it. M2 steadily is catching the Phenom 100 in total sales, with Textron now having delivered more than 340 Citation M2 jets compared to Embraer’s 400-plus Phenom 100 aircraft.

M2 deliveries also surpass those of HA-420 HondaJet, despite the latter’s having a roomier cabin, higher cruise speeds and, arguably, the quietest interior in the light jet class. The Citation, however, offers superior runway performance and a roughly $800,000 lower price.

Veteran buyers also are keen on product support, giving Textron Aviation a major competitive edge over Embraer and Honda Aircraft, according to some industry observers. Textron Aviation delivered nearly double the number of M2 jets in 2022 compared to the HondaJet, and it’s on track to preserve a similar margin in 2023. Phenom 100 comes in a distant third.

Competition in the upper end of the light jet market is far different. Three competitors, Embraer’s Phenom 300E and Textron Aviation’s Citation CJ3+ and CJ4 Gen2 face off. The Brazilian offering has compelling advantages—biggest cabin volume, lowest cabin altitude, longest range, highest cruise speed, and smallest price. Phenom 300/300E deliveries, as a result, now exceed those of CJ3+ and CJ4 Gen2 combined. The Phenom 300 also siphoned off so many Learjet 75 orders that Bombardier was compelled to shut down production. Notably, the Phenom 300 has been the best-selling light jet for more than a decade. And it’s the only light jet to be purchased by all three major fractional aircraft operators—NetJets, Flexjet, and Airshare.

The upmarket Pilatus PC-24 resides in a class of its own, straddling the boundary between light jets and midsize aircraft. Its 18,300-pound max takeoff weight, fuel efficiency, single-pilot certification, and runway performance make it competitive. Its 500-cubic-foot cabin volume, flat floor, standard autothrottles, and 400-knot block speed nudge it into the midsize niche. The right engine has a special low idle rpm ground mode that enables it to double as an APU, thereby providing heating, air conditioning, and electrical power when the aircraft is parked. The PC-24 is the only jet in either class to have a 4.2-foot high by 4.1-foot wide aft cargo door. It can use unpaved runways, just like the PC-12 NGX turboprop. That increases the number of landing facilities it can use from 10,650 to 21,000.

Textron Aviation’s Citation Ascend, the fifth-generation Citation CE-560XL, is the last remaining truly midsize class jet. Gone are Citation III/VI/VII, Hawker800, Gulfstream G150, and Learjet 60. None had the 560XL’s blend of short-field performance, cabin comfort, operating economics, and low purchase price—though it won’t reach the market until 2025.

Ascend could be the last member of the venerable CE-560XL family, a placeholder to buy time for Textron Aviation to develop a clean-sheet replacement aircraft with more speed, more range, and more cabin volume. At nearly $17 million, Ascend’s price point puts it close to the $18 million Embraer Praetor 500, a super-mid-size aircraft with 70 percent more range, 40 to 70 knots more speed, and half again more cabin volume.

• READ MORE: Citation Ascend Mock-Up to Debut at NBAA

The Praetor 500 can fly nonstop between almost any two U.S. continental coastal cities at Mach 0.80 against winter winds. It has the lowest cabin altitude in its class, 5,800 inside while cruising at 45,000 feet. It boasts full-tanks, full-seats loading flexibility. It has a wet galley, vacuum lavatory, and optional Viasat KA-band SatCom connectivity. It’s the least expensive jet in FLYING’s Buyers Guide to boast fly-by-wire flight controls, a technology that used to be available only on the most expensive jets from Bombardier, Dassault, and Gulfstream. Topping all that, it beats Citation Ascend’s short-field performance on equal length missions. However, being much heavier than Citation Ascend, Praetor 500 burns 20 to 25 percent more fuel.

• READ MORE: We Fly: Embraer Praetor 500

The super-midsize class remains one of the most hotly contested sectors with offerings from Bombardier, Gulfstream, and Textron, as well as Embraer. All contenders feature two cabin sections, typically configured with double-club seating or a single-club section up front and a divan plus two facing chairs at the rear. Bombardier Challenger 3500, the latest variant of the Challenger 300 that entered service in 2003, sports a cabin with nearly the same cross section as a Gulfstream V, lower cabin altitudes to reduce fatigue, more comfortable and stylish Nüage chairs and numerous connectivity and convenience upgrades.

The Challenger 300 series has been the bestseller in class for two decades because of its combination of cabin comfort, performance, operating economics, and dispatch reliability. With fat margins and fuel problems, it’s a cash cow for Bombardier. However, some industry analysts maintain Challenger 3500 is due for a major refresh to keep it competitive in the long term.

The Gulfstream G280 is the performance leader, capable of flying four passengers 3,700 nm at Mach 0.80, and eight passengers 3,500 nm at the same speed. Its cabin is slightly narrower than Challenger 3500, but it’s longer, so the volume is virtually the same. The G280 features a wing derived from the GV airfoil, albeit one with different twist and improved winglets. Fuel efficiency rivals the best class, a result of the low drag wing, fuel-efficient HTF7250G turbofans and comparatively high cruising altitudes. For example, it can climb directly to 43,000 feet on an ISA+10 degree Celsius day. Demand for G280 is getting stronger, with Gulfstream delivering 24 aircraft in 2022, according to GAMA.

Textron Aviation’s Citation Latitude is the firm’s bestselling jet, with 42 deliveries in 2022. Passengers love this airplane, especially its roomy aft lavatory. This low-risk derivative of the Model 680 Sovereign+ offers the largest cabin cross section of any Citation yet to enter production but one with impressive structural efficiency. Its increase in empty weight is less than 360 pounds compared to Sovereign+, while its cabin is 4 inches higher and 11 inches wider. It features the first flat floor in a Citation, a 9.66 psi pressurization system that maintains cabin altitude below 6,000 feet and a Garmin G5000 flight deck. Cabin width is about 5 inches narrower, and floor width is 7 inches less than in the Praetor 500, thus its cross section is the leanest in class. The Latitude’s typical block speed is 400 knots, so it’s optimized for two- to three-hour trips even though it has a 6.5-hour endurance.

• READ MORE: We Fly: Cessna Citation Latitude

The Latitude’s fraternal twin, the Citation Longitude, shares its cabin cross section, low cabin altitudes, and G5000 avionics package, but little else. The wing has a super-critical airfoil with 28.6 degrees of sweep at one-quarter chord. It’s powered by Honeywell HTF7000 series turbofans, considered best in class by Bombardier, Embraer, and Gulfstream. Normal cruises peed is Mach 0.80, so mission block times are nearly identical to those of Gulfstream G280.

The jet will fly four passengers 3,500 nm and eight passengers 3,400 nm at that speed, enabling it to cruise from New York to Paris, but not necessarily Paris to New York against winter headwinds. On typical two-to three-hour missions, the Longitude burns less fuel than the Latitude and its takeoff and landing distances are only slightly longer. Textron Aviation’s asking price is nearly $30 million, the highest in the super-midsize class, but that’s not dampening sales, again boosted by the company’s renowned product support and the air-plane’s unsurpassed low cabin noise levels. Textron Aviation delivered 26 units in 2022.

Embraer’s Praetor 600 is the value leader in this market niche. With a $21.5 million base price, it’s less than $2 million more than the Citation Latitude, yet it offers an extensive list of standard features. Along with the Praetor 500, it’s the only super-mid to have fly-by-wire flight controls. Its cabin cross is slightly smaller than either the Bombardier Challenger 3500 or Gulfstream G280 but larger than the Latitude or Longitude. Similar to the Citation Latitude and Praetor 500, there is no access to the unpressurized aft baggage compartment in flight. With a highest-in-class, 16,000-plus-pound fuel capacity, it can fly eight passengers 3,900 nm at long-range cruise. At Mach 0.80, range is close to 3,700 nm.

While orders are strong at all the jet manufacturers in FLYING’s Buyers Guide, storm clouds rapidly are forming in Europe. Climate change activists cut the airport security fence at Geneva International Airport (LSGG) in May and chained themselves to aircraft on display at the European Business Aviation Convention& Exhibition, calling for a total ban on private jets, decrying them as “toxic objects” and carrying signs that read, “Warning: Private Jets Drown Our Hope.”

Another environmental group sprayed orange paint on a Citation CJ1 at Sylt, Germany, in June, and a third splattered yellow paint over an Embraer Phenom 300E at Ibiza, Spain, in July, unfurling a banner that read, “Your Luxury = Our Climate Crisis.”

Dassault fully understands the threats posed by environmental protesters in Europe, warning that aviation bashing often translates into government regulatory policies. Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport (EHAM), for instance, plans to ban private jets after 2025. Dassault officials counter that all 2,100 Falcon Jets in service produce the same emissions as a single day of internet video streaming.

To put business jet aviation emissions into perspective, it’s constructive to first look at global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. In 2022, the total was 36.8 billion metric tons, according to the International Energy Agency. IAE says aviation represents 2 percent of total CO2 emissions, or 736 million metric tons. ICAO also quotes a 2 percent aviation share, based upon research conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. GAMA claims that business aviation represents 2 percent of all aircraft emissions, or 14.7 million metric tons.

The World Health Organization, in contrast, reports the tobacco industry emits 84 million metric tons of CO2 every year, more than 5.7 times as much as business aviation. FLYING knows of no climate change activists who are protesting cigarette smoking.

“There’s [an] angle of class warfare here,” says Epstein, the Bank of America analyst.

Says another business aviation veteran: “Business jet owners are targeted as fat cats that don’t have to go through TSA. It’s not yet an existential threat in the U.S. But what happens in Europe eventually comes here.”

In light of growing public sentiment regarding the carbon impact of private jets, the business aviation industry has committed to slashing total CO2 emissions by 50 percent by 2050 compared to 2005. Transitioning from fossil fuel to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF or bio jet-A) can reduce overall aircraft CO2 emissions by 80 percent, according to the International Air Transport Association. Some SAF advocates claim up to 90 percent reduction, depending upon the bio feedstocks and production processes.

The challenges to making the jump from fossil jet-A to SAF are immense. Currently, the aviation industry uses close to 100 billion gallons of jet-A annually but only 14 million gallons is SAF, the majority of which was purchased by business jet operators, according to Timothy Obitts, CEO of Alder Fuels, a leading sustainable fuels company in Virginia. One big hurdle to scaling up SAF production is price. The wholesale cost of biojet is up to three times as much as fossil fuel, so FBOs are bound to charge a substantial premium for it, squeezing the already tight budgets of many light jet operators.

• READ MORE: Business Aviation Industry Groups Aim to Speed Adoption of SAF

“Scaling up production of SAF is beyond the scope of business aviation,” says Epstein. “It’s not happening anytime soon. It’s going to take a massive investment by government. And then business aviation can ride on the coattails.”

However, the underpinnings of the business jet sector remain strong.

“People want to travel by air,” Epstein says. “The industry needs to be aware of climate change pressures and manage them. Climate change activists aren’t the ones buying business jets.”

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